The female reproductive tract (FRT), particularly the vagina, has traditionally been regarded as a sterile environment. However, it is now recognized that the vagina is a complex, dynamic ecosystem dominated …
Endometriosis is a common gynecologic condition, but extra-pelvic manifestations are rare and often pose significant diagnostic challenges. Thoracic and abdominal endometriosis may present with nonspecific respiratory and abdominal symptoms that …
Thoracic endometriosis is an uncommon and frequently under recognized manifestation of endometriosis involving the pleura, diaphragm, or lung parenchyma. Patients often present with nonspecific cyclical thoracic or upper abdominal pain, …
Background Fallopian tube pathology accounts for approximately one-third of female factor subfertility. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Fertility Guidelines (CG156) recommend hysterosalpingography (HSG) as the first-line …
Endometriosis is a chronic, debilitating condition affecting approximately 10-15% of reproductive-aged women and it is often associated with significant diagnostic delays due to its heterogeneity and unreliable non-invasive tests. Artificial …
Background: Endometriosis is a chronic estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease estimated to affect up to 190 million women of reproductive age worldwide based on clinical and population-based estimates, although only 22.3 million …
Female reproductive tissues repeatedly undergo controlled inflammation, immune adaptation, and tissue repair. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) and its receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) sit at the center of these processes, but …
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis and is a major cause of pelvic pain and infertility. Recent studies have reported dysregulated expression of p16INK4a, a …
Catamenial pneumothorax is a rare form of recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax occurring in women in temporal association with the menstrual cycle, most commonly within 72 h before or after the onset …