Vertebral-spinal endometriosis: a comprehensive narrative review of clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and treatment outcomes.
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, affecting approximately 10% of women of reproductive age. While typically confined to the pelvis, lesions may occur …
Metabolic remodeling of endometriosis microenvironment: Energy stress and immune evasion.
Endometriosis (EMs) is an estrogen-dependent chronic inflammatory gynecological disease characterized by ectopic growth of endometrial tissues, leading to dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, and infertility. Although the retrograde menstruation theory clarifies the …