In 1995, Morris first described cesarean scar defect (CSD) as an "isthmocele" by macroscopy following hysterectomy in women with a prior cesarean delivery. CSD is associated with gynecological symptoms such …
The use of energy during minimally invasive surgery is associated with thermal damage that can affect the process of wound healing.
Intraperitoneal adhesions complicate over half of abdominal-pelvic surgeries with immediate, short, and long-term sequelae of major healthcare concern. The pathogenesis of adhesion development is similar to the pathogenesis of wound …