Peritoneal Incretin Deficiency and Tirzepatide as a Multi-Axis Adjuvant Hypothesis in Treatment-Refractory Endometriosis: A Mechanistic Framework Linking Metabolism, Immunity, Fibrosis, and Nociception.
Endometriosis is increasingly recognized as a chronic systemic disorder extending beyond the classical estrogen-dependent paradigm, integrating metabolic, immune, fibrotic, and nociceptive pathways that sustain lesion persistence and refractory pelvic pain. …
The Follicular Immune Checkpoint: PD-1/PD-L1 and Immune Tolerance in Oocyte Competence and IVF Failure.
Oocyte formation occurs successfully within a meticulously controlled follicular environment characterized by well-documented endocrine, metabolic, and paracrine signals. Yet, the immunological landscape of the follicle and its role in influencing …
Interactions Between Neurotrophins and Ovarian Steroids in Endometriosis and Their Implications for Neuroangiogenesis: A Narrative Review.
Endometriosis is a long-term gynecological condition marked by the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, which undergoes proliferation, bleeding, and regeneration. This disease is associated with disrupted steroid hormone …
Postoperative and long-term outcomes of nerve-sparing segmental rectal resection and complete nodular resection of rectal endometriosis.
Rectal endometriosis is a severe form of deep endometriosis affecting up to 12% of patients, causing significant pain and bowel dysfunction. The optimal surgical approach can be individually tailored based …