The cesarean scar (CS) niche, a consequence of incomplete wound healing, can lead to gynecological complications and affect future pregnancies. While internal niches have been well-studied, external and bidirectional niches …
In 1995, Morris first described cesarean scar defect (CSD) as an "isthmocele" by macroscopy following hysterectomy in women with a prior cesarean delivery. CSD is associated with gynecological symptoms such …
Cesarean scar defects or isthmoceles are increasingly detected in the recent times due to the rise in cesarean rates worldwide. They may develop due to poor healing at myometrial site. …