Endometriosis, a chronic inflammatory condition affecting 10% of reproductive-aged individuals, remains underdiagnosed and poorly managed due to a limited understanding of its pathogenesis. Emerging evidence highlights the gut and reproductive …
The female reproductive tract (FRT), particularly the vagina, has traditionally been regarded as a sterile environment. However, it is now recognized that the vagina is a complex, dynamic ecosystem dominated …
Female fertility relies heavily on the health of the oviduct and uterus. Each of these organs consist of a muscular tube lined by epithelial cells. In this review, we discuss …
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a complex multifactorial infectious disorder of the female reproductive tract, associated with severe long-term sequelae including infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain, as well …
Growing evidence highlights the role of microbiota, including those of the gut, reproductive tract, and endometrial tissue, as critical functional drivers in the pathogenesis of endometriosis (EM). Studies have revealed …
Endometriosis has been associated with alterations in the reproductive tract microbiota, yet studies focusing on the endometrial microbiome remain inconsistent, partly due to the low-biomass nature of this niche and …
How can the potential mechanisms and targets of endometriosis be explored through multi-omics and multi-location approaches?
Endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are common, multifactorial gynecological disorders shaped by endocrine imbalance, immune dysfunction, metabolic disruption, genetic susceptibility, and environmental exposures. Despite their major contribution to infertility …
Reproductive disorders such as endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are increasingly recognized as immune-mediated conditions, yet their immunopathology remains poorly understood. Menstrual blood, a noninvasive and biologically relevant sample, …
The human microbiota is increasingly recognized as a key component of women's reproductive health. This narrative review examines the vaginal, endometrial, and gut microbiota and their roles in the pathogenesis …