β-Glucuronidase (β-G, EC 3.2.1.31) reverses phase II glucuronidation, and microbial β-G at the gut-liver interface reactivates biliary and circulating conjugates, closing enterohepatic loops for drugs, estrogens, bile acids, and bilirubin. …
Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) encompasses a heterogeneous group of debilitating conditions including interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), chronic abacterial prostatitis, endometriosis, and pelvic congestion syndrome, among others. Despite advances …
EMs is a chronic, estrogen-dependent systemic inflammatory disorder defined by the ectopic implantation of endometrial glands and stroma and is frequently associated with dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and substantial …
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common dysbiotic condition associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm delivery, and its diagnosis remains challenging due to limitations of conventional methods and the lack …
The human microbiome, a dynamic endocrine organ, exerts profound systemic influence through the production of bioactive metabolites. While the microbiome-gut-brain axis is well-established, the direct conduit between the gut microbiota …
Introduction. Endometriosis affects 10-20% of reproductive-age women. Emerging evidence links the gut microbiota to endometriosis pathogenesis, but observational studies are limited by confounding, reverse causation and uncertainty about whether reported …
The "gut microbiota-mitochondria axis" has become the core hub connecting the metabolism, immunity, and endocrine regulation of gynecological diseases. In this review, the hierarchical regulation mechanism of this axis is …
Natural bioactive compounds, such as curcumin, polyphenols, and flavonoids are important in the prevention and treatment of lifestyle disorders like diabetes, cancer, and heart disease. Their immunomodulatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and …
The female reproductive tract (FRT), particularly the vagina, has traditionally been regarded as a sterile environment. However, it is now recognized that the vagina is a complex, dynamic ecosystem dominated …
Endometriosis is defined as the ectopic proliferation of endometrial cells. Aberrant signal transduction is present in ectopic endometriotic lesions, and bacteria also contributes to the development of endometriosis by transmitting …