Intrauterine devices (IUDs), both hormonal and nonhormonal, are widely used contraceptive methods, with approximately 20% of reproductive-aged women worldwide utilizing them. Although IUDs are generally considered safe and effective, complications …
The cesarean scar (CS) niche, a consequence of incomplete wound healing, can lead to gynecological complications and affect future pregnancies. While internal niches have been well-studied, external and bidirectional niches …