The female reproductive system is a hormonally driven, immune-active, and structurally dynamic system in which estrogen signaling, inflammation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling interact to support essential reproductive processes. Cyclical …
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are hypothesized to modulate female reproductive endocrine disorders, yet their causal relationships remain elusive. We employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate bidirectional causality between circulating PUFAs …
Oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses, plays a critical role in female reproductive health, particularly in ovarian function. This review provides …
The gut microbiota plays a crucial function in reproductive well-being and is vital for maintaining fundamental physiological balance. This article surveys the mutual relationships between the gut flora and the …
White adipose tissue is now recognized as an active endocrine organ that secretes numerous bioactive molecules known as adipokines. These proteins regulate essential physiological processes, including energy metabolism, inflammation, and …
Lactate is increasingly recognized not only as a metabolic end product of glycolysis but also as a signaling metabolite that links metabolic reprogramming to epigenetic and transcriptional regulation through protein …
The female reproductive tract (FRT), particularly the vagina, has traditionally been regarded as a sterile environment. However, it is now recognized that the vagina is a complex, dynamic ecosystem dominated …
Ceramide, a central hub in sphingolipid metabolism, serves as a critical bioactive signalling mediator that integrates lipid metabolism with multiple signalling pathways, primarily promoting autophagy and apoptosis. It influences female …
Female reproductive tissues repeatedly undergo controlled inflammation, immune adaptation, and tissue repair. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) and its receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) sit at the center of these processes, but …
Periodontitis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease with recognized systemic implications. Its potential link to female reproductive disorders, including infertility, endometriosis, and recurrent implantation failure (RIF), has attracted growing attention, …