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Glycolytic reprogramming in endometriosis: molecular mechanisms, immune modulation, and non-hormonal therapeutic opportunities.

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder characterized by ectopic tissue growth and significant morbidity, yet current hormonal and surgical treatments often fail to prevent recurrence or entail severe side effects. …

Published: May 25, 2026, midnight
Glycolytic reprogramming and MYH10 K1520 lactylation mediate eutopic endometrial collagen I deposition driven by PKM2-packaged ectopic endometrial extracellular vesicles.

Endometriosis (EMs) is characterized by ectopic lesions that disrupt endometrial decidualization, a process frequently accompanied by aberrant collagen deposition and closely linked to clinical infertility. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key …

Published: May 11, 2026, midnight
The PKM2/HIF-1α Axis is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis via TGF-β1 under Endometrial Polyps.

Endometriosis patients exhibit a cancer-like glycolytic phenotype. The pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2)/hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) axis plays important roles in glycolysis-related diseases, but its role in patients with endometrial polyps …

Published: Dec. 31, 2024, midnight
Extracellular vesicle-packaged PKM2 from endometriotic stromal cells promotes endometrial collagen I deposition by inhibiting autophagy in endometriosis.

Aberrant endometrial collagen I deposition during the implantation window impairs endometrial stromal cell (ESC) decidualization, which may contribute to lower pregnancy rate in endometriosis (EMs) patients with in vitro fertilization …

Published: Nov. 23, 2024, midnight
PAK5-mediated PKM2 phosphorylation is critical for anaerobic glycolysis in endometriosis.

P21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5) belongs to the PAK-II subfamily, which is an important regulator of cell survival, adhesion, and motility. However, the functions of PAK5 in endometriosis remain unclear. Here, …

Published: Sept. 27, 2024, midnight
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